A Massive Underwater Volcano Literally Shook the Edge of Space

The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano's 2022 eruption created a massive plume of ash and gas that reached over 31 miles into space, disturbing atmospheric waves. Researchers found that secondary gravity waves were the primary cause of these effects, as they matched satellite data closely. Additionally, an earlier seismic Rayleigh wave detected by seismometers before the eruption suggested it could act as a precursor to such catastrophic events, highlighting how volcanic eruptions might leave long-lasting signatures across Earth's systems.