Nasal vaccines for respiratory infections

Mucosal adjuvants play a crucial role in COVID-19 vaccines by targeting nasal and throat areas where viruses commonly enter the body. These substances enhance immune response mechanisms, leading to stronger B cell activity and plasma production for protective antibodies. While they offer rapid protection and ease of manufacturing, ongoing research is essential to address potential side effects like narcolepsy and adaptability against viral mutations. As COVID-19 variants evolve, continued innovation in vaccine strategies remains vital for pandemic readiness.